Iji nye metal workpieces na chọrọ n'ibu, anụ ahụ, na chemical Njirimara, na mgbakwunye na ezi uche nhọrọ nke ihe na dị iche iche akpụ usoro, okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ usoro na-adịkarị mkpa. Nchara bụ ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, yana microstructure dị mgbagwoju anya nke nwere ike ịchịkwa site na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ. Ya mere, ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke ígwè bụ isi ọdịnaya nke ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ metal.
Na mgbakwunye, aluminom, ọla kọpa, magnesium, titanium na alloys ha nwekwara ike ịgbanwe akụrụngwa ha, anụ ahụ na kemịkal site na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ iji nweta njirimara arụmọrụ dị iche iche.
Okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ n'ozuzu adịghị agbanwe udi na mkpokọta kemịkal mejupụtara nke workpiece, kama na-enye ma ọ bụ mma ya arụmọrụ site na-agbanwe microstructure n'ime workpiece ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe kemịkalụ mejupụtara n'elu nke workpiece. Ihe e ji mara ya bụ imeziwanye ihe dị n'ime ihe arụrụ arụ, bụ nke a na-adịghị ahụ anya na anya gba ọtọ.
Ọrụ nke ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ bụ imeziwanye ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke ihe, wepụ nrụgide fọdụrụnụ, ma welie ígwè ọrụ ígwè. Dị ka ebumnuche dị iche iche nke ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ si dị, usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nwere ike kewaa ụzọ abụọ: ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke mbụ na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ ikpeazụ.
1.Ebumnuche nke ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke mbụ bụ iji melite arụmọrụ nhazi, wepụ nchekasị dị n'ime, na ịkwadebe ezigbo metallographic nhazi maka ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ ikpeazụ. Usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ gụnyere mgbakasị ahụ, normalizing, ịka nká, quenching na tempering, wdg.
l Annealing na normalizing na-eji maka oghere ndị megoro nhazi okpomọkụ. Carbon ígwè na alloy ígwè nwere carbon ihe karịrị 0.5% na-na-na-na-emekarị annealed iji ibelata ha ike ike na ikwado ịkpụ; A na-emeso ígwè carbon na alloy ígwè nwere carbon nke na-erughị 0.5% na normalizing iji zere ịrapara ngwaọrụ n'oge ịkpụ n'ihi ike siri ike ha dị ala. Annealing na normalizing nwere ike nụchaa nha ọka ma nweta otu microstructure, na-akwadebe maka ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ n'ọdịnihu. A na-ahazi mgbe a na-emezi ihe na-edozi ahụ mgbe a rụchara ọrụ siri ike na tupu arụ ọrụ siri ike.
l A na-ejikarị ọgwụgwọ oge eme ihe iji kpochapụ nrụgide dị n'ime ụlọ na-emepụta na mmepụta oghere na nhazi ígwè ọrụ. Iji zere oke ọrụ ụgbọ njem, maka akụkụ ndị nwere nkenke zuru oke, enwere ike ịhazi usoro ọgwụgwọ oge tupu ị rụọ ọrụ nkenke. Otú ọ dị, maka akụkụ ndị nwere ezigbo ihe achọrọ (dị ka mkpuchi nke igwe na-agwụ ike), ekwesịrị ịhazi usoro ọgwụgwọ abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa. Akụkụ dị mfe n'ozuzu anaghị achọ ọgwụgwọ ịka nká. Na mgbakwunye na nkedo, maka ụfọdụ akụkụ ziri ezi na-adịghị mma (dị ka kposara nkenke), a na-ahazi ọtụtụ ọgwụgwọ ịka nká n'etiti machining siri ike na nkenke nkenke iji kpochapụ nrụgide dị n'ime ahụ na-emepụta n'oge nhazi ma mee ka nhazi nhazi nke akụkụ ahụ guzosie ike. Ụfọdụ akụkụ osisi chọrọ ọgwụgwọ oge mgbe usoro ịgbatị ahụ gasịrị.
l Quenching na tempering na-ezo aka na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị elu mgbe ọ kwụsịrị, nke nwere ike nweta otu ihe eji eme ihe na nke ọma na-ekpo ọkụ, na-akwadebe maka ibelata nrụrụ n'oge nkwụsị elu na ọgwụgwọ nitriding n'ọdịnihu. Ya mere, quenching na tempering nwekwara ike iji dị ka nkwadebe okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ. N'ihi na ezi keukwu n'ibu Njirimara nke quenched na tempered akụkụ, ụfọdụ akụkụ na ala chọrọ maka hardness na eyi iguzogide nwekwara ike-eji dị ka ikpeazụ okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ usoro.
2.Ebumnuche nke ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ ikpeazụ bụ imeziwanye ihe eji arụ ọrụ dị ka isi ike, iyi nguzogide, na ike.
l Quenching na-agụnye nkwụsị elu na nnukwu nkwụsị. A na-eji ihe mkpuchi elu mee ihe n'ihi ntakịrị nrụrụ ya, oxidation, na decarburization, yana ọ nwekwara uru nke ike mpụga dị elu na nkwụsi ike dị mma, ebe ọ na-ejigide ike siri ike na mmetụta siri ike n'ime. Iji melite n'ibu Njirimara nke elu quenched akụkụ, ọ na-adịkarị mkpa ịrụ okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ dị ka quenching na tempering ma ọ bụ normalizing dị ka a mbido okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ. Ụzọ usoro izugbe bụ: ịcha - ịhịa aka n'ahụ - normalize (annealing) - arụ ọrụ siri ike - quenching na tempering - ọkara nkenke machining - elu quenching - nkenke machining.
l Carburizing quenching kwesịrị ekwesị maka obere carbon ígwè na obere alloy ígwè. Nke mbụ, a na-abawanye ọdịnaya carbon nke oyi akwa nke akụkụ ahụ, na mgbe emenyụchara, oyi akwa ahụ na-enweta ike siri ike, ebe isi ka na-ejigide ụfọdụ ike, ike dị elu, na plasticity. Enwere ike kewaa carbonization n'ime mkpokọta carburizing na carburizing mpaghara. Mgbe ị na-eme ihe n'otu akụkụ, a ga-ewere ihe mgbochi-seepage (ọla kọpa ma ọ bụ plating anti-seepage ihe) maka akụkụ ndị na-abụghị carburizing. N'ihi nnukwu nrụrụ kpatara site na carburizing na quenching, na omimi carburizing n'ozuzu sitere na 0.5 ruo 2mm, a na-ahazi usoro nhazi n'etiti nhazi nke ọma na nhazi nkenke. The izugbe usoro ụzọ bụ: ịcha forging normalizing siri ike na ọkara nkenke machining carburizing quenching nkenke machining. Mgbe akụkụ ndị na-abụghị nke carburized nke mpaghara mpaghara na-agbaso usoro atụmatụ nke ịba ụba ego na igbutu oyi akwa carburized, a ga-edozi usoro nke ịkpụpụ ihe mkpuchi nke ngafe carburized oyi akwa mgbe carburization na tupu quenching.
l Ngwọta nitriding bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ nke na-enye ohere ka atom nitrogen banye n'elu igwe iji nweta oyi akwa nke ogige nwere nitrogen. Okpokoro nitriding nwere ike imezi ike ike, eyi nkwụsi ike, ike ike ọgwụgwụ, na nguzogide corrosion nke elu akụkụ ahụ. N'ihi ọnọdụ ọgwụgwọ nitriding dị ala, obere nrụrụ, na oyi akwa nitriding dị mkpa (n'ozuzu anaghị agafe 0.6 ~ 0.7mm), a ga-ahazi usoro nitriding ka oge na-aga. Iji belata nrụrụ n'oge nitriding, a na-achọkarị iwe ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ iji belata nchekasị mgbe ebipụchara.
Oge nzipu: Ọktoba 24-2024
